[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 27 (6) of Neuropsychology (see record 2013-35937-001). The copyright attribution was incorrect. Likewise, text should have appeared in the author note.] Objective: The present study investigates associations between brain white matter tract integrity and cognitive abilities in community-dwelling older people (N= 655). We explored two potential confounds of white matter tract− cognition associations in later life:(a) whether the associations between tracts and specific cognitive abilities are accounted for by general cognitive ability (g); and (b) how the presence of atrophy and white matter lesions affect these associations. Method: Tract integrity was determined using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography (tract-averaged fractional anisotropy [FA]). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we compared first-order and bifactor models to investigate whether specific tract-ability associations were accounted for by g. Results: Significant associations were found between g and FA in bilateral anterior thalamic radiations (r range:. 16−. 18, p<. 01), uncinate (r range:. 19−. 26, p<. 001), arcuate fasciculi (r range:. 11−. 12, p<. 05), and the splenium of corpus callosum (r=. 14, p<. 01). After controlling for g within the bifactor model, some significant specific cognitive domain associations remained. Results also suggest that the primary effects of controlling for whole brain integrity were on g associations, not specific abilities. Conclusion: Results suggest that g accounts for most of, but not all, the tract− cognition associations in the current data. When controlling for age-related overall brain structural changes, only minor attenuations of the tract− cognition associations were found, and these were primarily with g. In totality, the results highlight the importance of controlling for g when investigating associations between specific cognitive abilities and neuropsychology variables.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)